Indigenous Vegetables, Rubber, Manure and Much More....

Session1.3Biodiversity One of the highlights of this year's Tropentag is the introduction of the elevator pitch. This refers to a short summary that can be delivered in the time span of an elevator ride. During the guided poster session "Climate change, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases" presenters were allowed to speak for only two minutes. The session was a wave of several interesting, relevant, timely and innovative studies and ongoing research in various tropical countries around the world. After the elevator pitches, participants were given the opportunity to interact one-on-one with each of the speakers, rub minds and ask questions. Climate change is at the top of the global agenda. With the much anticipated United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP 21) this year in Paris expected to produce a new global climate agreement, the session was an expose on the place, role and impacts of agriculture in the face of climate change. One of the major causes of Climate Change is an increase in the emission greenhouse gases (GHG). A participant, Barnabas Kurgat from Humboldt University in Berlin with a poster tagged "Potential of African Indigenous Vegetables to Contribute to Climate-Smart Food Systems" expounded on some benefits of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) such as their rich micro-nutrients content, productivity under low input systems, profitability and ability to adapt to local climate. Production of AIVs also has the potential to reduce post-harvest losses and thereby reduce GHG emissions. This depicts the role of agriculture in carbon sequestration and nutrient recycling. ElevPitch2 Barnabas Kurgat on the "Potential of AIVs to Contribute to Climate-Smart Food Systems" Many countries, particularly developing countries in the tropics have already began to experience the impacts of climate change. The poster by Winifred Chepkoech on "Vulnerability to Climate Change of African Indigenous Vegetable Farmers in Selected Agro-Climatic zones of Kenya" explored a similar theme. She stated that up to 95% of farmers interviewed perceive that climate is changing as the rise in pest infestation and increase in new weeds are linked to climate change. There is therefore a need to increase the resilience of ARV farmers. Some of the adaptation methods already employed by some farmers include changing crop types and planting more crop varieties. In another study by Rong Lang titled "Rubber Cultivation weakened the CH4 Sink function of Tropical Upland Soil, comparing with Rainforest," research shows that longer rubber cultivation results in weaker soil CH4 oxidation. This is useful in examining the role of forests in carbon sequestration. ElevPitch1 Rong Lang presenting a poster on "Rubber Cultivation weakened the CH4 Sink function of Tropical Upland Soil, comparing with Rainforest" Changes in rainfall patterns are also likely to increase and impact agricultural production. The presentation by Andreas Schlüter on "The Impact of Climate Modes and Precipitation on Tanzanian Maize yield" explained how the two climate notes: Indian Ocean Dipole and El-Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affect rainfall and crop yield in Tanzania. He proposes that future research should focus on the Indian Ocean Dipole as it appears to have greater impact. However, researchers in Tropentag are already exploring various adaptation techniques in agriculture. Oghaiki Asaah Ndambi in his poster "Manure Management to Improve Soil structure & Food security and Mitigate Greenhouse gas Emissions" depicted the lack of adequate knowledge and policies on manure management. He discussed the ability of manure to preserve nutrients, increase crop yield and provide biogas as some benefits. In the quest to ensure food security in the face of climate change, agriculture and agricultural practices need to grow, adapt and evolve quickly. Tropentag 2015 provided a platform for the presentation of some of these methods and answers to some questions in this regard.

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