The oral presentation session “Food consumption, consumer preference and human health” hold rich reminders why agricultural research should not only focus on food production, but always need to keep an eye on the consumption side. Under the order of NSA, Hannah Jaenicke presented a holistic framework on how to narrow the gap between the already quantitatively sufficient supply of nutrients and a qualitatively balanced diet. Even though, this does not relate to the latest scandals from the US, her transatlantic observations for example included the fact even within one household some members are obese while others are undernourished. A concrete ‘example for the so-called Obese Mother Undernourished Child’-phenomenon comes from the Central Province of Kenya. The results of the second presenter Lydiah Waswa for six different agro-ecological zones in Kenya showed, that overall 40% of the children are malnourished, however only 12% are undernourished but 25% are obese. The Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) framework now distinguishes five “entry points” (displayed like the petals of a flower)towards more balanced diets to address issues like hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) and increasing rates of obesity. One such entry point is enabling policies reminding that in isolation from the political situation within a research area, failure of the project is the usual consequence. The flower for the flour A second entry point are mechanisms for collaboration: especially under the heading of rural-urban continuum, cooperation and collaboration between the actors of the food chain it is important so that the products find their way from the rural field to the urban shelf. A well-fitting example was presented by Olubunmi Adeoye Oyebade (University of Ibadan) who works on awareness and acceptance of plantain flour in Nigeria. As ripe plantains are highly perishable, at the moment an estimated 70% of the harvest is lost on the way to the city market stalls. At the University of Ibadan, a storable and (from the rural to the urban area) transportable flour has been developed, implying economic advantages for the producers and processor. Unfortunately, the flour has not yet been accepted by the consumers. Probable explanation mentioned by Mrs. Oyebade is that the young respondents of her survey do not value the wide ranging health benefits as knowledge exists only on the use with diabetes. However, developing a new food strategy should take into account nutrition preferences and traditions of the target group as the NSA flower-looking framework includes under the entry point of ‘focus on appropriate beneficiaries’. When asked about the role of technological progress in securing nutritionally balanced diets, Hannah Jaenicke again emphasizes this sensitive information: Technological improvement is important, but even more important is the involvement of the beneficiaries as her experience from Mexico showed. During a maize breeding study, men were asked for their selection criteria and preferred high yielding and productive breeds, while women picked up breeds which needed less time to cook, which reduces the burden of fire wood collection from the forests. Research like the NSA Agricultural researchers should thus not be under the surveillance of the National Secret Agency but instead copy them to a certain extent: Agricultural Research should observe the needs and motivations of people behind their activities or their consumption precisely and have an eye on the network to develop effective projects. Self-evidently, this does not mean violating the privacy but the active participation of people targeted.