In the oral presentation session Resources within the Rural-Urban Continuum, number of researchers prove that overwhelming concerns about natural area and biodiversity protection can cause economical and social problems. Agroforestry in Indonesia is more beneficial, than solely forestry; use of wetlands for crop production in East Africa does not directly harm plant diversity; partial replacement of mangrove forest in Myanmar with rice farms is economically more important, than forest alone; pastures in Caucasus Region are prioritized higher, than National Parks. Ni’matul Khasanah on Teak-Maize Intercropping in Indonesia Decreasing of forest area reducing quality of timber lead to try agroforestry as a solution for improving economic situation. Ex-ante analysis was carried out to find correlation between teak and maize productivity in different management technics. In the result, all intercropping practices gave higher output of timber, as trees benefit from fertilization, and lower yield of maize. However, timber quality is greater than when grown as a monoculture. Thus, intercropping is concluded to be more productive, than solely monoculture. Neema Mogha on Wetlands Use and Change in Vegetation in East Africa Demographic growth, degradation of upland soils and inter-annual variability of rains is increasing the pressure on wetlands for crop production. Speaker offers to look at wetlands as at sophisticated mechanisms with ecological, social and agronomic functions. Once it is converted - vegetation removed and biological diversity disturbed. To determine the effect on the composition of vegetation, a survey in wetlands of Kenya and Tanzania was conducted. As a result, analysis indicated that plant communities responded more to soil property change than to land uses. Oliver Mundy on Farmer’s Perception of Agrobiodiversity in Western Kenya Researcher of the project conducted own survey among farmers in 30 farmer households with rather skeptical results. Among main challenges for agrobiodiversity farmers would mention production factors such as land scarcity, insufficient inputs (fertilizer and agrochemicals), high labor needs. Doubtful suggestion of farmers to increase investment and access to seeds and fertilizers evoke questions among audience, which would state that it will most likely cause them to specialize more on cash crops and not on biodiversity. Author of the research did not have strong arguments against this assumption. Cho Cho San on Rice Production in Mangrove Forest of Myanmar Increasing demand on rice, misleading set of policies last 30 years and ecological conservation denialism has led to the critical state of mangrove forest in Myanmar. Although, newly formed rice farms became important food and employment supplier in the region, rice production data and unemployment indicate in favor of reforestation. Alternatives for employment and income generation should be searched within further studies. Jan Barkman on a conflict between Pastures for Herds and National Parks Conservation People of Caucasus doesn’t want to protect the National Park. NP and buffer zones reduce summer pasture areas that are vital in meet production - the most important source of income. By the economics value comparison summer pastures are shown as the most demanded. Study suggests to account for the substantial associated economic losses in further restrictions of local land use in favor of conservation concerns.